The equation predicts a steeper curve for the vapor pressure over ice because the latent heat of sublimation is greater than the latent heat of vaporization at similar temperatures. A similar equation can be obtained for saturation with respect to an ice surface by substituting L v with the latent heat of sublimation ( Fig. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be applied to any phase change. Note that values measured empirically, by in situ instruments, will differ from those calculated from the equation, as L v is dependent on temperature. Parcel AB represents the supersaturated parcel that results from mixing equal masses of the original parcels. The state of all possible mixtures of parcels A and B lie (approximately) along the yellow line. The yellow line illustrates how saturation can result from the isobaric mixing of air parcels with different temperature and moisture properties. The curve separating the blue and the green represents saturation as derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation ( 1) for saturation with respect to water. Focus 2: Seasonal Precipitation in Central Africaįig.Focus 1: Extremes of Tropical Precipitation.5.3.8 Interannual Variability of Tropical Precipitation.5.3.7.2 Regional Patterns of Tropical Rainfall Diurnal Cycles.5.3.7.1 Seasonal Variations in Tropical Rainfall Diurnal Cycles.5.3.7 Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in the Tropics.5.3.6 Intraseasonal Tropical Precipitation.5.3.5.5 Seasonal Precipitation in the Americas.5.3.5.4 Seasonal Precipitation in the Indian subcontinent.5.3.5.3 Seasonal Precipitation in West Africa.5.3.5.2 Seasonal Precipitation in West and Central Pacific.5.3.5.1 Seasonal Evaporation minus Precipitation (E-P).5.3.4.2 Annual Evaporation minus Precipitation.5.3.4.1 Variability of Annual Precipitation.Box 5-6 Major Influences on the Distribution of Annual Precipitation in the Tropics.Box 5-5 Measurement of Tropical Precipitation.Box 5-4 Lifecycle of a Tropical Squall Line with Trailing Stratiform Region.5.3.3 Classification of Tropical Precipitation.5.3.2 The Impact of Aerosols: Maritime and Continental. ![]() 5.2.4 Mean Thermodynamic Profiles of the Tropical Atmosphere.5.2.2.3 Tropical Cloud Population and Distribution.5.2.2.1 Tropical Cloud Formation and Types.5.2 Adiabatic Processes and Vertical Distribution of Moisture.5.1.4 Distribution of Surface Water Vapor.5.1.3 Sources of Water Vapor: Evaporation and Evapotranspiration.5.1.2 Evaporation, Condensation, and Saturation.
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